these practices are being phased out, the severe trauma they inflict is recognized and the
practices are rarely done. Rather than inflicting these clearly-painful procedures on poultry,
living environment should be enriched with an appropriate space to enable the birds to express
their natural behaviours of foraging, dustbathing and preening without coming into contact with
another bird.
(Cairina Moschata) - as these have a higher incidence of feather pulling due to unnatural
intensive confinement conditions, toward Pekin ducks from the Mallard family (Anas
Platyrhynchos), which tend to be more docile. This has been done in the United Kingdom,
making the transition away from the inhumane practices such as detoeing, dubbing, desnooding
and debeaking, much easier.